Reporting Speech
---> It is a conversation took place in between first,second and third person
Types of speech:-
1. Direct Speech--> direct conversation
2.Indirect Speech--->Indirect
Rules:-
1. Direct Speech के दो भागों को आपस में जोड़ने के लिए किसी शब्द का प्रयोग पड़ सकता है।
जैसे कि ( उदा. में देखिये that का प्रयोग किया गया है। )
2. Indirect Speech के शब्द बनाते समय सर्वनाम Pronoun बदलना पड़ सकता है।
जैसे कि ( उदा. में देखिये I को he में बदला गया है। )
ex: direct:- He said , "I am going to cinema now."
ex: Indirect:-He said that he was going to cinema.
1. Reporting Verb
Inverted commas के बाहर जो Sentence होता है, उसके क्रिया Verb को Reporting verb कहते हैं। जैसे
Example
He said, "I am going to cinema now."
इस उदाहरण के वाक्य में said Reporting verb है।
2. Reporting Speech
Inverted commas के अंदर जो Sentence रहता है, उसे Reported Speech कहा जाता है। जैसे
Example
He said, "I am going to cinema now."
इस उदाहरण के वाक्य में "I am going to cinema now." Reporting Speech है।
=>Change the Tense
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Simple Present Simple Past
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Past Simple Past Perfect
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect No Change
Past Perfect Continuous No Change
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Shall Should
Will Would
Can Could
May Might
Am / Is / Are Was / Were
Have / Has Had
Was / Were Had been
Had to + Verb 1st Form Had had to + Verb 1st Form
Could / Should No Change
Would / Might No Change
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
This That
These Those
Here There
Hence Thence
Now Then
Thus So
Today That Day
Yesterday The previous day / The day before
The day before yesterday Two days before
Tomorrow The next day / The following day
Tonight That night
This day That day
The day after tomorrow In two days, Time
Last week The previous week / The week before
Last month The previous month / The month before
Last year The previous yaer / The year before
Last night The previous night / The night before
Last day The previous day / The day before
Next week The following week
Next month The following month
Next year The following year
Next night The following night
Next day The following day
A year ago A year before
Interrogative Sentence
1. Reporting Verb में say के स्थान में ask, enquire, want to know या wonder में परवर्तित किया जाता है,
लेकिन अगर say to का परिवर्तन सिर्फ ask में किया जाता है और said का परिवर्तन asked में किया जाता है।
2. In place of inverted commas use if / whether
3. सबसे महत्वपूर्ण बात ये कि वाक्य के अंत में Interrogative Sign ( ? ) के स्थान पर Full Stop ( . ) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
4. Inverted commas ( "..." ) के स्थान पर that का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है, लेकिन अगर Sentences की शुरुआत
Question word ( what / when / how / where / who ... etc ) से हो तो that के स्थान पर उस जगह में प्रयुक्त Question word का ही प्रयोग होता है।
आइये कुछ उदाहरण से समझते हैं
1. उसने मुझसे कहा कि क्या तुम गुस्सा हो ?
1. He said to me, " Are you angry ?" (Direct)
1. He asked me if / whether I was angry. (Indirect)
2. मैंने सुनिधि से कहा कि तुम क्या चाहती हो ?
2. I said to Sunidhi, " What do you want ?" (Direct)
2. I asked Sunidhi what she wanted. (Indirect)
3. राम ने मुझसे कहा कि तुम्हारा क्या नाम है ?
3. Ram said to me, " What is your name ?" (Direct)
3. Ram asked me what my name was. (Indirect)
===> Imperative sentence
1. in place of inverted comma use - to / not to
1. शिक्षक ने छात्र से कहा कि एक पेन लाओ।
1. The teacher said to the student, " Bring a pen." (Direct)
1. The teacher ordered the student to bring a pen. (Indirect)
==>Optative
1. in place of inverted comma use - that
1. The mother said to me, " May you live long."
1. The mother blessed me that i might live long
==>Exclametory sentence
1. In place of say / says / said use exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with sorrow, exclaimed with surprise,
exclaimed with anger.
2. in place of inverted place use - that
3. Ah! Oh! Alas! Bravo! Hurrah! remove this words from sentence
4. Remove ! mark and put a full stop(.)
1. सूर्या ने कहा कितना सुन्दर पेन है ये !
1. Surya said, " How beautiful this pen is !" (Direct)
1. Surya exclaimed with joy that that was a very beautiful pen. (Indirect)
2. सुहाना ने कहा कितना अजीब लड़का है वह !
2. Suhana said , " What a peculiar boy he is !" (Direct)
2. Suhana exclaimed with surprise that he was a very peculiar boy. (Indirect)
3. Nonsense ! (Direct)
3. It is nonsense. (Indirect)
4. Enough ! (Direct)
4. It is enough. (Indirect)
Comments
Post a Comment